Since the properties of precipitation vary on a small scale usually smaller than the model’s resolution, there was still a lack of confidence in the representation of the precipitation and related microphysical processes in these climate models ( Stocker et al., 2013). Over the past few years, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in large-scale climate models made huge improvements ( Liepert and Previdi., 2012 Climate change, 2013). In addition, it is an indispensable input parameter in research such as climate analysis, water resource evaluation, water cycle, water balance, and hydrological model ( Yang et al., 1992 Liu et al., 2011). Moreover, it is crucial in hydrothermal conditions on a basin scale. Precipitation is one of the most active elements in the atmosphere and plays an important role in various atmospheric processes ( Liu and Fu., 2007). These results, for the first time, offer insights into the microphysical nature of precipitation in the head watershed of the Urumqi River during the summer and provide essential information that could be useful for precipitation retrievals based on weather radar observations. Z = 698.8R 2.0 was for stratiform, and Z = 47.1R 2.0 was for convective. Finally, we deduced the power-law relationship between radar reflectivity ( Z) and rain rate ( R) for stratiform and convective precipitation at the headwaters. The constraint relationship between R-D m and R-log 10 N w of these two precipitation types was deduced, the exponent of the R-log 10 N w relationship of the two precipitation types was negative, and the D m value of stratiform precipitation tended to be stable at a higher rainfall rate (1–2 mm). N(D) of convective precipitation was significantly different between the daytime and nighttime, while that of stratiform precipitation was almost the same. The stratiform/convective D m -log 10 N w was characterized by a large mass-weighted mean diameter D m = 1.523/2.608, and a generalized intercept log 10 N w = 2.841/3.469. The convective precipitation at the headwaters was divided into continental clusters. The small and medium size raindrops played a dominant role in precipitation composition in the head watershed of the Urumqi River, contributing 98% of the total raindrop. The maximum raindrop concentration was at class IV (5 < R < 10 mm h −1), when the raindrop diameter was higher than 1.74 mm. The result showed that the raindrop concentration increased with the rainfall rate. The average raindrop spectral width was the largest in class III (1 < R < 5 mm h −1). 1, eastern Tianshan Mountains, the statistical characteristics of the summer raindrop size distribution (DSD) were analyzed, and the DSD characteristics of five different rainfall rates(R) and two rainfall types (convective and stratiform) were investigated for the daytime and nighttime. In this study, based on the observation data of the PWS100 located at the meteorological observation site at the terminal of Urumqi Glacier No. Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle, which is critical to understanding its formation and evolution.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |